Remote Sensing: Principles and Applications

A: Fused silica with a proper AR coating manages UV-induced solarization and shows negligible interaction with chlorides, which is what drives long-term transmission loss here. BK7 feels reasonable because it's common in optics, but alkali content makes it drift under UV and humidity. Sapphire's hardness is attractive, yet uncoated sapphire reflects heavily and doesn't address surface chemistry with salts. Polycarbonate works in housings, not precision optics; UV stabilizers slow yellowing but don't stop it over multi-year exposure.

A: The linear model here is radiance = gain×DN + offset, giving 0.015×820 + 1.2 = 13.5. Option B mirrors a calibration style used in some lab spectrometers, but the datasheet defines offset as additive. Option C imports a correction from another band; dark current handling is already embedded in the offset. Option D ignores units, a mistake that slips in when people jump between radiometric and image-processing conventions.

A: A formal MOC captures the conflict and forces reconciliation, which is what auditors expect when controlled documents disagree. Trusting the datasheet alone is tempting, but revision control isn't proven. Treating the GA as authoritative ignores that the instrument list drives software and telemetry. Option D splits hardware and processing logic, creating a latent integration fault that only shows up during end-to-end testing.

A: Frame definitions and time tags are common sources of small angular differences; clearing that avoids unnecessary mechanical work. GNSS dominance in position doesn't guarantee azimuth accuracy at this resolution, so B jumps the gun. Averaging hides a real inconsistency and won't satisfy a witness. Disabling an instrument to pass acceptance raises bigger questions during inspection.