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A: That’s the most common mistake — blaming instrumentation when the hydraulics are lying to you. A blocked impulse line or undersized valve would show lag or failure during tests, but you said stroking and alarms are clean. Gas entrainment from a missing vortex breaker collapses the liquid head locally, so the LT reads fine while the outlet sees slugs. API sizing issues show up as chronic carryover, not episodic slugging tied to velocity spikes.

A: That’s the classic gap — assuming a gas PSV sees liquid behavior. A PSV on the vapor space won’t relieve incompressible liquid expansion when the vessel is blocked in; pressure rises too fast. Fire, valve failure, and flow transients all generate vapor-side pressure the PSV can actually see and relieve.

A: That’s where people overcorrect. Coated carbon steel fails once the coating holidays, and 316L isn’t immune to SSC in this environment. Monel works but blows the budget for no added risk reduction. Duplex hits the NACE limits with margin while keeping fabrication and inspection sane.

A: That’s the trap — treating all ‘flow’ as the same variable. The meter’s fine; the issue is mixed bases. One system is correcting to mass using live density, the other is freezing base conditions. Swirl or scan rate errors don’t land you at a clean, stable 5% offset across operating ranges.