Basics of Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing

To understand how engineering drawings are actually read in industry

To learn how parts are defined, produced, and inspected correctly

To gain confidence in reading and interpreting technical drawings

To clearly communicate design intent without ambiguity

To control part functionality using tolerances based on usage, not assumptions

To design parts that are manufacturable and inspectable

To apply GD&T as per ASME / ISO standards in real projects

1. Fundamentals of GD&T

• Why GD&T is needed over conventional dimensioning

• GD&T standards overview (ASME Y14.5 / ISO)

• Basic terminology and concepts

2. Datums & Datum Reference Frames

• What are datums and why they are critical

• Primary, secondary, and tertiary datums

• Functional relationship between features

3. Form & Orientation Controls

• Straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity

• Perpendicularity, parallelism, angularity

• When and where to use form and orientation tolerances

4. Runout & Circularity Concepts

• Circular runout vs total runout

• Applications in rotating parts and assemblies

• Functional importance in shafts, gears, and holes

5. Location & Profile Tolerances

• Position tolerance and true position concept

• Profile of a line and profile of a surface

• Functional applications and examples

6. Feature Control Frame & Modifiers

• Understanding the feature control frame

• MMC, LMC, and RFS concepts

• Bonus tolerance and its advantages

7. GD&T in Practice – Industry Examples

• Common mistakes in GD&T usage