Introduction to Pump & Pump Hydraulics

A: A: Throttling moves you left on the curve. Head goes up, flow drops, power usually drops on a centrifugal pump. That's expected behavior. B: Starvation is a suction-side issue; nothing upstream changed. C: Constant flow would imply positive displacement, not this machine. D: Recirculation can happen near shutoff, but throttling alone doesn't imply air ingress.

A: A: Uncoupled bump isolates pump internals from reverse rotation torque. That's why vendors insist on it. B: Even a short coupled jog can damage seals on reverse rotation. C: MCC phase sequence doesn't account for wiring swaps at the motor. D: Pressure indication lags and risks dead-heading.

A: A: Static plus friction gives total dynamic head. No unit conversion needed yet. B: kPa is pressure; you haven't converted or selected density explicitly. C: Efficiency affects power, not required head. D: Safety factors come later, not in first-pass physics.

A: A: Low flow, very high pressure points to positive displacement. That's standard practice. B: Stage count becomes impractical and efficiency collapses. C: Gear pumps struggle at this pressure and flow range. D: Speed doesn't create head beyond the curve limits.