Competency Management

A: Option A tracks the cause–consequence chain. The named authority isn't about paperwork; it's about an independent challenge to isolation. Without it, live conductors are the residual risk. Option B feels right because arc flash is electrical, but PPE rating comes from studies, not the signatory. Option C mixes a real effect with the wrong hazard; schedule slip doesn't energize hardware. Option D is the classic minimization—audits matter, but the missing control here is physical energy isolation.

A: A keeps you inside the contractual fence. Competency is only enforceable against what was agreed, revision and all. B is tempting because engineers trust tests, but energizing before competence verification inverts the safety sequence. C sounds practical yet misses the gatekeeping role of SAT. D assumes equivalence; auditors and courts don't.

A: A follows the logic: each competent role carried its own verification and decision load. Combine them and the checking burden stacks almost linearly. B assumes paper replaces judgment. It doesn't. C underestimates the hidden time in reviews and holds. D overshoots by assuming nonlinear coupling; risk may grow fast, but supervision hours don't explode that way.

A: A reflects real plant behaviour. Surge response needs timing and understanding; wrong manual actions amplify oscillation. B sounds optimistic but ignores dynamics. C over-trusts automation; most systems allow manual override. D again hides behind paperwork while hardware is shaking.