Key Components of Chilled Water Systems

A: This flow rate closes the energy balance between the chiller evaporator and the distribution loop. Option B drops specific heat entirely, which inflates flow by a clean but wrong shortcut. Option C misapplies efficiency to flow instead of power, a mistake imported from motor sizing. Option D mixes condenser-side properties into an evaporator calculation, shifting density and cp just enough to mislead.

A: Identifying pitting risk explains why plate pinholes appear long before wall thinning. Option B requires elevated temperatures well above chilled water service. Option C assumes condenser water chemistry that isn't present in a closed chilled loop. Option D invents flashing that doesn't occur at these temperatures and pressures.

A: This sequence prevents dry running and instantaneous seal damage on first rotation. Option B checks rotation too early and risks air binding the impeller. Option C assumes a bypass sized for commissioning, which often isn't installed yet. Option D moves balancing ahead of basic mechanical readiness.

A: This component maintains system pressure as water density shifts with temperature. Option B removes entrained air but doesn't control volume. Option C adds thermal mass yet leaves pressure unmanaged. Option D protects pumps from deadheading, not expansion.