Second-generation solar cells, also known as thin-film solar cells, represent a significant advancement in photovoltaic technology. These cells are designed to be more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly compared to traditional first-generation solar cells. By utilizing thinner layers of photovoltaic material, second-generation solar cells reduce material costs and energy consumption during production. Key types of second-generation solar cells include cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), and amorphous silicon (a-Si). These cells offer promising opportunities for flexible, lightweight, and integrated solar energy solutions. With ongoing research and development, second-generation solar cells are poised to play a crucial role in the transition to renewable energy and sustainable power generation. Their potential for improved efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced versatility makes them an exciting area of innovation in the field of solar energy.

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