The basic physics of semiconductors in solar energy involves the manipulation of materials with electrical conductivity between conductors and insulators. Semiconductors' unique properties, such as bandgap energy, enable them to absorb sunlight and convert it into electrical energy. The absorption of photons excites electrons, generating charge carriers that drive electrical current. The formation of p-n junctions, created by doping semiconductors with impurities, separates these charge carriers, enabling energy conversion. Understanding these fundamental principles is crucial for designing and optimizing solar cells, improving efficiency, and harnessing solar energy effectively to produce electricity.