Basics of Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing

1. Fundamentals of GD&T

• Why GD&T is needed over conventional dimensioning

• GD&T standards overview (ASME Y14.5 / ISO)

• Basic terminology and concepts

2. Datums & Datum Reference Frames

• What are datums and why they are critical

• Primary, secondary, and tertiary datums

• Functional relationship between features

3. Form & Orientation Controls

• Straightness, flatness, circularity, cylindricity

• Perpendicularity, parallelism, angularity

• When and where to use form and orientation tolerances

4. Runout & Circularity Concepts

• Circular runout vs total runout

• Applications in rotating parts and assemblies

• Functional importance in shafts, gears, and holes

5. Location & Profile Tolerances

• Position tolerance and true position concept

• Profile of a line and profile of a surface

• Functional applications and examples

6. Feature Control Frame & Modifiers

• Understanding the feature control frame

• MMC, LMC, and RFS concepts

• Bonus tolerance and its advantages

7. GD&T in Practice – Industry Examples

• Common mistakes in GD&T usage